For punishment to be most effective, it must be:

For punishment to be most effective, it must be certain. This principle relates to the idea that individuals respond more strongly to the consequences of their actions when they know that those actions will definitely lead to a punishment. Certainty reinforces understanding and expectations regarding behaviors and consequences. When individuals perceive that punishment is likely to follow inappropriate actions, they are more inclined to alter their behavior to avoid that negative outcome.

While consistency in applying punishment is important, it is the certainty of consequences that ultimately drives behavioral change. If individuals believe that punishments may or may not occur, they may not adjust their behavior effectively. Thus, ensuring that there is a clear and predictable connection between actions and consequences enhances the efficacy of the punishment.

Prolonged punishment, on the other hand, can lead to resentment and may not yield the desired behavior change. Similarly, while privacy can serve to protect the dignity of the person being punished, it does not determine the effectiveness of the punishment in altering behavior. Therefore, certainty stands out as the key factor for effective punishment.