What is the fourth step in the grievance process often referred to as?

The fourth step in the grievance process is referred to as arbitration. In this phase, an impartial third party, the arbitrator, is engaged to make a binding decision on the dispute between the involved parties. Arbitration is typically utilized after other forms of conflict resolution, such as negotiation or mediation, have been attempted and unsuccessful. The arbitrator reviews evidence and hears arguments from both sides, ultimately rendering a decision that is enforceable, thus helping to resolve the grievance in a formal and structured manner. This step is crucial as it provides closure to the grievance process and ensures that both parties adhere to the decision made, reducing the likelihood of ongoing disputes. The other options represent different forms of conflict resolution or disagreement resolution processes that occur at various stages or serve different roles within the broader context of handling grievances.