What type of organization divides responsibility and authority among several specialists?

A functional organization is characterized by its structure, which divides responsibility and authority among several specialists based on their areas of expertise. In this type of framework, distinct departments or sections are created, each headed by a specialist who manages the specific tasks related to their functional area. This enables a concentration of knowledge and resources, fostering efficiency and proficiency within those specialized roles.

In contrast to a line organization, where authority flows hierarchically and responsibilities are concentrated with individuals, a functional organization promotes collaboration and sharing of specialized skills, allowing for greater depth in expertise. This approach is particularly effective in complex environments where diverse tasks require professional knowledge, as it allows the organization to utilize the strengths of its personnel more effectively.

While a flat organization minimizes levels of management, which can promote quick decision-making and increased employee autonomy, it often lacks the specialization that a functional organization offers. Hybrid organizations combine elements of various structures but do not focus specifically on the specialization as does a functional organization. Therefore, the functionally structured approach is optimal for leveraging specialized skills and knowledge within an organization.