Which term describes a process of questioning with the investigator assuming a dominant role?

The term that best describes a process of questioning where the investigator assumes a dominant role is "interrogation." In an interrogation, the investigator is typically in control of the conversation, using various techniques to extract information from the individual being questioned. This approach often involves direct questioning and can include strategies designed to elicit a confession or gain deeper insights into a suspect's knowledge and involvement in a case.

In contrast, other terms like "interview," "dialogue," and "survey" imply more equal or neutral interactions. An interview is generally more conversational and may involve gathering information without the same level of pressure; dialogue suggests a two-way, cooperative exchange of ideas; and a survey is typically a method for collecting data through questionnaires, which is structured but lacks the dynamic nature of an interrogation. Therefore, "interrogation" is distinctly characterized by the investigator's authoritative role in extracting specific information.